{"id":2433,"date":"2021-02-18T09:36:18","date_gmt":"2021-02-18T09:36:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/?p=2433"},"modified":"2023-03-17T10:35:22","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T10:35:22","slug":"procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/","title":{"rendered":"Procedure and  Benefits of Public Issue: A Complete Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Nowadays, companies rely on various sources, such as\nDebentures, Financial Assistance from Banks and Financial Institutions, Public\nIssues, etc., to meet their day to day business affairs, operations, and\nworking capital funds requirement. Further, the term fund requirements include\nboth short term and long term requirements, and the same varies on the basis of\nthe ongoing business project. However, it shall be considerate to take into\nconsideration that out of all the forms available, the most chosen is <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/public-issues\" class=\"text-primary\">Public Issue<\/a><\/strong>. The\nreason behind the same is the benefits and procedure of Public Issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this blog, we will discuss about the benefits and\nprocedure of Public Issue in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3aa3c233651\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3aa3c233651\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Concept_of_Public_Issue\" title=\"Concept of Public Issue\">Concept of Public Issue<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Concept_of_Initial_Public_Offer\" title=\"Concept of Initial Public Offer\">Concept of Initial Public Offer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Concept_of_Further_Public_Offer\" title=\"Concept of Further Public Offer\">Concept of Further Public Offer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Concept_of_Offer_for_Sale\" title=\"Concept of Offer for Sale\">Concept of Offer for Sale<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Benefits_of_Public_Issue\" title=\"Benefits of Public Issue\">Benefits of Public Issue<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Laws_Governing_the_Process_of_Public_Issues\" title=\"Laws Governing the Process of Public Issues\">Laws Governing the Process of Public Issues<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Conditions_for_Initial_Public_Offer\" title=\"Conditions for Initial Public Offer\">Conditions for Initial Public Offer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Duration_of_Initial_Public_Offer\" title=\"Duration of Initial Public Offer\">Duration of Initial Public Offer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Fixed_Price_Issue\" title=\"Fixed Price Issue\">Fixed Price Issue<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Book_Built_Issue\" title=\"Book Built Issue\">Book Built Issue<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Right_Issue\" title=\"Right Issue\">Right Issue<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Procedure_of_Public_Issue_Initial_Public_Offer\" title=\"Procedure of Public Issue: Initial Public Offer\">Procedure of Public Issue: Initial Public Offer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Choose_an_Investment_Bank\" title=\"Choose an Investment Bank\">Choose an Investment Bank<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Obtain_Registration_with_SEBI\" title=\"Obtain Registration with SEBI\">Obtain Registration with SEBI<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#File_Red_Herring_Prospectus\" title=\"File Red Herring Prospectus\">File Red Herring Prospectus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Pricing_of_Initial_Public_Offer\" title=\"Pricing of Initial Public Offer\">Pricing of Initial Public Offer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Open_Offer\" title=\"Open Offer\">Open Offer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Completion_of_the_Process_of_IPO\" title=\"Completion of the Process of IPO\">Completion of the Process of IPO<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/procedure-and-benefits-of-public-issue\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concept_of_Public_Issue\"><\/span>Concept of Public Issue<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The term \u201cPublic Issue\u201d denotes the most prevalent form of raising funds from investors. Under this, a <a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/public-limited-company-registration\" class=\"text-primary\"><strong>public limited company<\/strong><\/a> offers prospectus for inviting subscription from the general public. People who decide to subscribe shares need to pay an amount known as Share Application Money to the Company. Therefore, Public Issue means a mode of offering securities or convertible shares in the primary market to attract investors for the subscription.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Further, the different type of Public Issue are as follows:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/infographic-for-Swarit-Blog-4.png\" alt=\"Different type of Public Issue\" class=\"wp-image-2437\" width=\"377\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/infographic-for-Swarit-Blog-4.png 985w, https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/infographic-for-Swarit-Blog-4-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/infographic-for-Swarit-Blog-4-768x546.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Initial Public Offer for Unlisted Company;<\/li><li>Further Public Offer for Listed Company;<\/li><li>Offer for Sale;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Also, Read:<\/strong> <mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/difference-between-public-issue-and-private-placement\/\">Difference between Public Issue and Private Placement<\/a><\/mark>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concept_of_Initial_Public_Offer\"><\/span>Concept of Initial Public Offer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Whenever an\nUnlisted Company offers its shares to the general public for subscriptions, the\nsame is known as Initial Public Offer or IPO. Further, the term Unlisted\nCompany means a company which has neither listed its share on any recognised\nstock exchange nor its shares are traded in any recognised stock exchange. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, it\nshall be significant to take into consideration that the process of IPO is more\nrisky than the process of FPO (Further Public Offer), as in this case, a\ncompany enters the market for the first time by way of issuing a prospectus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concept_of_Further_Public_Offer\"><\/span>Concept of Further Public Offer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Whenever a\nlisted company issues its share for the second time in the market, the same is\nknown as Further Public Offer. In layman terms, when a listed company comes out\nwith a new issue of shares to the general public to increase its capital. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under this\nprocess, the company which is issuing the shares has already got its shares\nlisted and has duly complied with the process of Initial Public Offer. Therefore,\nthe process of FPO is less risky than the process of IPO, as in the former\ncase, investors are already well aware of the performance, reputation, and growth\nprospects of a company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concept_of_Offer_for_Sale\"><\/span>Concept of Offer for Sale<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of\nOffer for Sale, the shareholders of a company can offer a part of their\nshareholding to the general public in consultation with the Board of Directors.\nFurther, the prospectus, by way of which shares are offered is known as LOI\n(Letter of Offer). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, it shall\nbe considerate to take into consideration that the shareholders have the right\nto get their expense reimbursed concerning the offer. Therefore, the amount\npaid as a dividend or declared is directly paid to the transferee. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_Public_Issue\"><\/span>Benefits of Public Issue<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The key benefits\nof Public Issue are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>No Need to Repay Capital, except in the case of\nWinding up;<\/li><li>Does not prescribe any Fixed Rate of Interest;<\/li><li>Facilitates Easy Transfer of Ownership;<\/li><li>Provides more Liquidity;<\/li><li>Enhances the Goodwill and Brand value of the Company;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Laws_Governing_the_Process_of_Public_Issues\"><\/span>Laws Governing the Process of Public Issues<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The laws\ngoverning the process of Public Issues are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Chapter 3, Part 1 of the <strong>Companies Act 2013<\/strong><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Companies_Act_2013\" class=\"text-primary\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup>;<\/li><li>Securities Exchange Board of India (Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations 2018;<\/li><li>Securities Exchange Board of India (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations 2018;<\/li><li>Securities Contracts (Regulations) Act 1956;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conditions_for_Initial_Public_Offer\"><\/span>Conditions for Initial Public Offer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The conditions\nto be fulfilled for offering Initial Public Offer in India are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The company must have net tangible assets of Rs 3\ncrores for the previous three financial years. 50% of these assets are known as\nMonetary Assets. However, if in case the company makes a public issue by way of\nOffer for Sale, then, in that case, the said the threshold of 50% will not be\napplicable;<\/li><li>The said company must have earned a profit of Rs 15\ncrores in the previous three financial years out of the five financial years. Also,\nthe profit in question must be the operating profit, i.e., PBT (Profit Before\nTax) in nature; <\/li><li>The unlisted company needs to have the net worth of at\nleast Rs 1 crore in the previous three financial years;<\/li><li>If in case a company decides to change its official\nname, then, in that case, at least 50% of the income earned in the preceding\nfinancial year must be from the new activity, i.e., in the new name;<\/li><li>&nbsp;A company\nshould not exceed its issue size more than five times of the total pre-issue\nnet worth;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>However, if in case the company does not fulfil the\nconditions stated above, then, in that case, the same can make an IPO by\nsatisfying the conditions as follows:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>An issue can be made by way of the book building process\nby allotting at least 75% of the net offer to the Qualified Institutional\nBuyers (QIBs). But, if in case a company fails in the process as well, then, in\nthat case, it needs to refund the amount received as subscription;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Duration_of_Initial_Public_Offer\"><\/span>Duration of Initial Public Offer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The duration for\nthe procedure of Public Issue, in the case of the Initial Public Offer, can be\nsummarised as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fixed_Price_Issue\"><\/span>Fixed Price Issue<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case,\nthe offer remains open for a period of 3 to 10 working days;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Book_Built_Issue\"><\/span>Book Built Issue<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case,\nthe offer remains open for a period of 3 to 7 working days;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Right_Issue\"><\/span>Right Issue<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case,\nthe offer remains open for a period of 15 to 30 working days;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Procedure_of_Public_Issue_Initial_Public_Offer\"><\/span>Procedure of Public Issue: Initial Public Offer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The steps\ninvolved in the procedure of Public Issue, in the case of Initial Public Offer\nare as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Choose_an_Investment_Bank\"><\/span>Choose an Investment Bank<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For undergoing\nthe procedure of public issue, a company needs to hire an investment bank for\nseeking advice. After that, an underwriting agreement will be signed between\nthe parties involved. The same must lay down the details as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Total Number of Securities Issued;<\/li><li>Prices of the Issued Securities;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obtain_Registration_with_SEBI\"><\/span>Obtain Registration with SEBI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For applying for registration with SEBI, the company needs to file an application with the complete details of its Business Plan. Further, the same must provide the declaration concerning the utilisation of the capital raised by way of an IPO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"File_Red_Herring_Prospectus\"><\/span>File Red Herring Prospectus<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the next step\nof the procedure of public issue, the directors of the company require to file\nan initial prospectus, together with the details concerning price estimation.\nThe same is known as the Red Herring Prospectus, as it comprises of the warning\nthat it is not the final prospectus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pricing_of_Initial_Public_Offer\"><\/span>Pricing of Initial Public Offer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It shall be\nconsiderate to note that SEBI plays no role in the pricing of shares. Also, it\nis the duty of the Issuer Company to consult with the appointed Investment Bank\nprior to fixing of the price. The prices fixed must be based on the prevailing\nmarket rates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Further, the\nfactors to be considered while determining the issue price are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Employee Pension Scheme;<\/li><li>Private Equity;<\/li><li>Return on Net Worth;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, it shall be taken into consideration that a company is eligible to issue shares both by way of Fixed Price Issue or Book Built Issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the former\ncase, shares are issued based on fixed price, whereas, in the case of Book\nBuilt Method, the same are issued based on the price bracket within which an\ninvestor is able to bid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Open_Offer\"><\/span>Open Offer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A company is\nable to furnish the application form and prospectus both in online and offline\nmode, and the investors can get the same from any designated bank. Also, it is\nmandatory for the directors of the applicant company to furnish an application\nform, together with a cheque to the designated bank. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Completion_of_the_Process_of_IPO\"><\/span>Completion of the Process of IPO<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the company\nhas decided the issue price, then, after that it needs to decide on the number\nof shares that an investor would get. However, it shall be taken into due\nconsideration that the said company must ensure that the offer is fully\nsubscribed and all the shares allotted are successfully credited the\nDematerialised (DEMAT) account of the investors. Once the company has allotted\nthe shares, it is ready to trade on the recognised stock exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In a nutshell, in India, the maximum of companies tend to follow the procedure of Public Issue for raising funds from investors. The same can be bifurcated into three parts. Also, it shall be significant to state that the benefits of the public issue is the another reason for its prevalence in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Also, Read:<\/strong> <mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/how-to-issue-a-company-share-certificate\/\">How to Issue a Company Share Certificate?<\/a><\/mark>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nowadays, companies rely on various sources, such as Debentures, Financial Assistance from Banks and Financial Institutions, Public Issues, etc., to meet their day to day business affairs, operations, and working capital funds requirement. Further, the term fund requirements include both short term and long term requirements, and the same varies on the basis of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2438,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[402,64],"tags":[401],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2433"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2433"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2433\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12658,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2433\/revisions\/12658"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2433"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}