{"id":8615,"date":"2021-09-24T06:08:02","date_gmt":"2021-09-24T06:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/?p=8615"},"modified":"2021-09-24T06:08:04","modified_gmt":"2021-09-24T06:08:04","slug":"issues-relating-to-the-ipr-in-biotechnology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/issues-relating-to-the-ipr-in-biotechnology\/","title":{"rendered":"Various Issues Relating to the IPR in Biotechnology \u2013 An Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">As we already know that in today&#8217;s world, everyone is trying to get fit and live a healthy life, so things like Vitamin C or protein-related food items are highly in demand these days, and these foods can be credited to Biotechnology. There are some examples of Patented Biotechnology such as anti-cancer drugs, pasteurisation, insulin, auto-immune drugs, etc. In terms of biotechnology, India comes in 12<sup>th<\/sup> rank, and an immense amount of intellectual investment in the form of R&amp;D is required for the Biotechnology Company. Hence, it is essential to know the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) involved in it. Scroll down to check the roles and issues relating to the IPR in Biotechnology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3b2bca23f3e\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3b2bca23f3e\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/issues-relating-to-the-ipr-in-biotechnology\/#What_is_Biotechnology_and_its_Types\" title=\"What is\nBiotechnology and its Types?\">What is\nBiotechnology and its Types?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/issues-relating-to-the-ipr-in-biotechnology\/#What_is_the_Role_of_IPR_in_Biotechnology\" title=\"What is the Role of IPR in Biotechnology?\">What is the Role of IPR in Biotechnology?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/issues-relating-to-the-ipr-in-biotechnology\/#Problems_Relating_to_IPR_in_Biotechnology\" title=\"Problems\nRelating to IPR in Biotechnology\">Problems\nRelating to IPR in Biotechnology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/issues-relating-to-the-ipr-in-biotechnology\/#What_are_the_Government_Policies_and_Legal_Provisions\" title=\"What\nare the Government Policies and Legal Provisions?\">What\nare the Government Policies and Legal Provisions?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/issues-relating-to-the-ipr-in-biotechnology\/#Case_Study_%E2%80%93_IPR_in_Biotechnology\" title=\"Case\nStudy &#8211; IPR in Biotechnology\">Case\nStudy &#8211; IPR in Biotechnology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/issues-relating-to-the-ipr-in-biotechnology\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Biotechnology_and_its_Types\"><\/span>What is\nBiotechnology and its Types?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before\nwe discuss the role and issues relating to the IPR in Biotechnology, lets us\nknow the meaning of Biotechnology first. It is a method wherein biology,\nespecially the genetic handling of microorganisms, is used to produce hormones,\nantibiotics, etc., to solve problems and make helpful products. Microorganisms\nare neither plants nor animals, they are small living things, and we cannot see\nthem through our naked eyes; for that, we have to use a microscope. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Following are the types of Biotechnology:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/types-of-Biotechnology.png\" alt=\"types of Biotechnology\" class=\"wp-image-8617\" width=\"452\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/types-of-Biotechnology.png 904w, https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/types-of-Biotechnology-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/types-of-Biotechnology-768x653.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong><em>Agricultural Biotechnology<\/em><\/strong>:\nThis is used for the improvement of plants to make them more compliant to\nchanging environment.<\/li><li><strong><em>Healthcare Biotechnology<\/em><\/strong>:\nThis involves biotechnology for the production of vaccines, medicines or drugs.<\/li><li><strong><em>Product or Industrial\nBiotechnology<\/em><\/strong>: This involves the biotechnology\nusage in the processes for the products\u2019 preparation, which are more eco-friendly,\nfor example- bio-fuel, bio-plastic, etc.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Role_of_IPR_in_Biotechnology\"><\/span>What is the Role of IPR in Biotechnology?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Anything\nunique and special created or invented by the human automatically possess an\naspect of ownership rights under IP Law. Similarly, biotechnological inventions\nby human brains are also having a similar claim of ownership rights under\nIntellectual Property Law. IPR safeguards the inventions or creations; however,\nthe success of any invention (technological) is based on ownership rights &amp;\ncommercial exploitation of its.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Patent, Copyright, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/trademark-registration\" class=\"text-primary\">Trademark<\/a><\/strong>, Industrial Designs, Geographical Indication are the types of Intellectual Property Rights. However, the most popular kind of IPR relating to Biotechnology is Patent. <strong><em>Patent Act, 1999 (Section 3)<\/em><\/strong>, gives a list of the things that are not inventions. &nbsp;Section 3 (Subsection (d)) defines that small discovery of a scientific principle or the discovery of any non-living or living substance occurring in nature cannot be termed as inventions and hence are not accountable to get patented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And\n<strong><em>subsection\n(j) of Section 3<\/em><\/strong> of the Patent Act says that Plants &amp; animals\noverall or any part thereof other than microorganisms but consisting of\nvarieties, species, seed, and essentially biological processes for propagation\nor production of plants &amp; animals are not patentable inventions. Hence, the\nPatent Act, 1999 safeguards the microorganisms\u2019 usage in inventions. However,\nthose need to be an invention rather than mere discovery or innovation. Hence,\nthe microorganisms&#8217; use to process subject matter to prepare utilised products\nwith the help of human intelligence and technological support is safeguarded\nunder the Biotechnology Patent, under the Patent Act, 1999. Biotechnology\ncomprises industrial &amp; scientific severity to utilise living and biologically\nactive material in the final product. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Problems_Relating_to_IPR_in_Biotechnology\"><\/span>Problems\nRelating to IPR in Biotechnology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although\nBiotechnology plays a vital role in improving, saving, and extending the life\nof humans, the process behind patenting works these scientific advancements in\nan enormously difficult one. Under Section 3 (3) of the Patent Act in India, a\nsubstance obtained by a simple admixture develops only in the mixture of the\ncomponents&#8217; properties thereof or the process of producing these substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The big investment involved in the form of R&amp;D personnel, financial, infrastructure, to create the outcomes utilising biotechnology. To encourage such results and to give financial reimbursement &amp; stability for their intellectual attempts to the developing research sector, patenting the inventions in the proposed field is vital. Unless your creation fulfils patentability, you may not be eligible for <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/patent-registration\" class=\"text-primary\">Patent Registration<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Government_Policies_and_Legal_Provisions\"><\/span>What\nare the Government Policies and Legal Provisions?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>NRDC or National Research\nDevelopment Council<\/em><\/strong>: NRDC was introduced by the\nIndian Government to develop, encourage, and commercialise the technologies,\nPatents, inventions, processes originating from different Research and\nDevelopment organisations or colleges and is currently working under the <strong><em>DSIR\n(Department of Scientific and Industrial Research)<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong><em>BPFC<\/em><\/strong>\n<strong><em>or\nBiotechnology Patent Facilitation Cell<\/em><\/strong>:&nbsp;\nTrade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights given options to\nmember states safeguarding new plant variety of a Patent or sui generic system\nor both. Therefore, Indians chose a sui generis system and prepared a new act\ncalled <strong><em>Plant Varieties Protection &amp; Farmers Right Act, 2000<\/em><\/strong>, to\nenable the farmer to save the beginning of a protected mixture, besides\nproviding protection of a derived variety of farmers in India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1999 the <strong>Department of Biotechnology<\/strong><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Department_of_Biotechnology\" class=\"text-primary\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup> set up a BPFC to connect the research result with its usage for the creators&#8217; benefit. This department works under the Ministry of Science &amp; Technology and offers services in various areas such as infrastructure, research, generation of human resources, encouragement of biotech industries, popularisation of biotechnology, and setting up excellence centers. Biotechnology Patent Facilitation Cell was established to provide alertness cum facilitation method to create awareness regarding IPRs among scientists &amp; researchers and give Patent facilities to biotechnologists &amp; biologists in the nation for filing Indian and overseas Patents on a constant basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Study_%E2%80%93_IPR_in_Biotechnology\"><\/span>Case\nStudy &#8211; IPR in Biotechnology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>Controller of Patents &amp;\nDesigns Vs. Dimminaco A G<\/em><\/strong>: In India, the first standard\ndecision concerning the patentability of Biotechnological processes with living\norganisms was given by the High Court of Calcutta in this matter. This decision\npaved the patenting way of the inventions where the final product of the\nclaimed processes is living microorganisms.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nfacts of this matter or instance are that Dimminaco A.G., a Swiss Company,\napplied for the patenting the preparation process of a Bursitis Vaccine for\ninfectious poultry disease. The Assistance Controller of Patents and Designs\nrefused the process for the infectious Bursitis Vaccine preparation on the\nground that the active virus was used to make the vaccine claim didn&#8217;t meet the\nnecessities of an invention under <strong><em>Section 2 (j)(i) of the Act<\/em><\/strong> and\nhence it cannot be said to have manufactured and hence not patentable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While\nreversing the assistant controller\u2019s decision and permitting the appeal,\nHon\u2019ble Calcutta High Court held that the preparing process of a vendible\ncommodity containing a living substance is not out of the purview of the word\nmanufacture. Hence, Patent protection cannot be refused due to the usage of the\nactive virus in vaccines. The court allowed the appeal &amp; directed the\nPatent application of the petitioner to be reconsidered within two months of\nthe delivery or publication of the judgment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After discussing the roles and issues relating to the IPR in Biotechnology, it is clear that Patents are a vital tool to ensure that these lifesaving technologies are correctly safeguarded to change the world. Otherwise, the days are near when we would have to buy the patented process or product from outside India, although having the same with us for ages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read our article<\/b>:<mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/future-of-ip-laws-and-how-ai-will-affect-ip-laws\/\">What is the Future of IP Laws and How AI will affect IP Laws?<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As we already know that in today&#8217;s world, everyone is trying to get fit and live a healthy life, so things like Vitamin C or protein-related food items are highly in demand these days, and these foods can be credited to Biotechnology. There are some examples of Patented Biotechnology such as anti-cancer drugs, pasteurisation, insulin, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8616,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[695],"tags":[859],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8615"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8615"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8624,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8615\/revisions\/8624"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}