{"id":8697,"date":"2021-09-29T06:21:02","date_gmt":"2021-09-29T06:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/?p=8697"},"modified":"2021-09-29T06:21:04","modified_gmt":"2021-09-29T06:21:04","slug":"technology-transfer-agreement-in-terms-of-ipr-and-competition-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/technology-transfer-agreement-in-terms-of-ipr-and-competition-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Examining Technology Transfer Agreement from the Perspective of IPR and Competition Law"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">The creation or inclusion of new technology has become an essential element for companies to uphold or improve their rival position in the marketplace. Companies running in sectors where the competition takes place on the basis of price only, like removal or commercialisation of raw materials, may depend on new or advanced technologies to improve their efficiency in the removal of raw materials by improving their dynamic processes or getting new machinery &amp; equipment. While investing in technology advancement may be expensive and uncertain, there are many uncertainties associated with the innovation process. It has the benefit of preventing technological reliance on other companies or entities and enables the company to increase its technological capability and to innovate as per its own specific requirements. The developing and least developed nations, due to the lack of resources to create and the accessibility of an enormous pool of foreign technology for exploration &amp; exploitation, attain such technology from the developed ones, giving rise to the idea of technology diffusion and technology transfer. Scroll down to check more information regarding Technology Transfer Agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3b0ca43da67\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3b0ca43da67\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/technology-transfer-agreement-in-terms-of-ipr-and-competition-law\/#What_is_the_Meaning_of_Technology_Transfer\" title=\"What is the Meaning of\nTechnology Transfer?\">What is the Meaning of\nTechnology Transfer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/technology-transfer-agreement-in-terms-of-ipr-and-competition-law\/#What_is_a_Technology_Transfer_Agreement\" title=\"What is a Technology Transfer Agreement?\">What is a Technology Transfer Agreement?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/technology-transfer-agreement-in-terms-of-ipr-and-competition-law\/#Negotiation_of_Technology_Transfer_Agreements_TTAs\" title=\"Negotiation of Technology\nTransfer Agreements (TTAs)\">Negotiation of Technology\nTransfer Agreements (TTAs)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/technology-transfer-agreement-in-terms-of-ipr-and-competition-law\/#What_are_the_Important_Clauses_under_the_Technology_Transfer_Agreement\" title=\"What are the\nImportant Clauses under the Technology Transfer Agreement?\">What are the\nImportant Clauses under the Technology Transfer Agreement?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/technology-transfer-agreement-in-terms-of-ipr-and-competition-law\/#Competition_Law_IPR_and_Transfer_of_Technology\" title=\"Competition\nLaw, IPR and Transfer of Technology\">Competition\nLaw, IPR and Transfer of Technology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/technology-transfer-agreement-in-terms-of-ipr-and-competition-law\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Meaning_of_Technology_Transfer\"><\/span>What is the Meaning of\nTechnology Transfer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is the most vital part of international business. It may occur between companies, industries, countries or even between research laboratories &amp; their customers and involves the specific transfer or processes, products, or people. The <strong><a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/technology-transfer-of-ipr\/\">technology transfer<\/a><\/strong> can be accomplished via contractual agreements between the technology source and the transfer recipient for the transfer of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Meaning-of-Technology-Transfer.png\" alt=\"Meaning of Technology Transfer\" class=\"wp-image-8709\" width=\"747\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Meaning-of-Technology-Transfer.png 996w, https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Meaning-of-Technology-Transfer-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Meaning-of-Technology-Transfer-768x446.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 747px) 100vw, 747px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>Intangible Knowledge<\/em><\/strong>:\nIn the form of techniques, experiences, skills, knowledge, and expertise via\ntechnology help, know-how.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>For example<\/em><\/strong>: Company A agrees to transfer its (#) know-how to Company B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>Tangible Knowledge<\/em><\/strong>:\nInformation said in physical objects and codified in plans, blueprints,\ntechnical artists comprising licensing and management arrangements, purchase of\nmachinery equipment, technological assistance agreements and assembling\napparatus.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>For example<\/em><\/strong>:\nCompany X agrees to transfer (#) machinery to Company Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Technology_Transfer_Agreement\"><\/span>What is a Technology Transfer Agreement?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A\nTechnology Transfer Agreement sets out the terms &amp; conditions for the\ntechnology transfer in writing and creates authorised binding rights &amp;\nobligations of the parties. As with the other types of contracting &amp; sales\nagreements, a Technology Transfer Agreement mainly includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Parties\u2019 approval;<\/li><li>Technology exchange or\ntechnical information;<\/li><li>Predetermined financial\nthought.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Basically,\na licensor or supplier assigns\/licenses registered IPRs (Intellectual Property\nRights) and industrial, technical support and know-how to a licensee under a\nTechnology Transfer Agreement. The Licensee can then manufacture &amp;\ndistribute the products in a determined territory using the licensed\ntechnology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\n<strong><em>Technology\nTransfer Agreement (TTA)<\/em><\/strong> can be for domestic transactions in case the\nLicensee &amp; Licensor are based in the same country. When both the parties\nare in different nations, the <strong><em>ITTA (International Technology Transfer\nAgreement)<\/em><\/strong> can be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Negotiation_of_Technology_Transfer_Agreements_TTAs\"><\/span>Negotiation of Technology\nTransfer Agreements (TTAs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nTTAs negotiation involves various legal processes &amp; laws that regulate the\ntransfer of technology and hence is deemed to be an enormously complex process.\nWhile negotiating a Technology Transfer Agreement, both parties should be aware\nthat each party has its relevant interest that they will bring to the table. A\nvictorious negotiation depends on knowing what that interest is and\nunderstanding the requirements &amp; aspirations of both parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Important_Clauses_under_the_Technology_Transfer_Agreement\"><\/span>What are the\nImportant Clauses under the Technology Transfer Agreement?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Following\nare some important clauses that can be seen in a Technology Transfer Agreement:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Sample\nClause:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>Technology<\/em><\/strong>: An organisation\u2019s plan, objectives, capabilities, and resources can utter the extent of a technology transfer. An agreement should define how and to what extent knowledge will be transferred. Furthermore, there should be a clear description of what is not included in the license. Provisions like this must be drafted carefully and correctly, without uncertainties or ambiguities. Usually, the technology transfer may comprise:<ol><li>Technology Knowledge;<\/li><li>Know-how;<\/li><li>Goods or Hardware;<\/li><li>Field of use limitation.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Sample\nClause:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This\ntechnology is developed or advanced and invented by Licensor in the course of\nthe execution of a research project (*). Licensor owns all title, rights, and interest\nin the Technology and IPRs vested therein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>Grant of License: <\/em><\/strong>This\nclause defines the scope &amp; extent of the Licensee&#8217;s rights and any\nlimitations on those rights. Correct &amp; clear grant language permits the\nLicensee to know what he or she is empowered to do.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Sample\nClause:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Licensor\nhereby grants to Licensee a non-transferable, royalty-free, non-exclusive right\nto use, sell, and manufacture the licensed products under the licensed Patents\nfor R&amp;D in the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>Warranties and Representations<\/em><\/strong>: This clause tells that the technology carried out is free of all security interests, liens, and other encumbrances, and the Licensor is the actual owner of the licensed technology under the contract&#8217;s provision. A classic licensor&#8217;s depiction will be that all technical details provided by the Licensor under the agreement clauses are correct and complete; and that the Licensor has the power &amp; authority to deliver, perform, execute the agreement terms and that all licensed Patents and applications for <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/patent-registration\" class=\"text-primary\">Patent Registration<\/a><\/strong> under which rights have been granted.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Sample\nClause: <\/em><\/strong>This agreement shall be regulated by the\nlaws of (*) and shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts at (*).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>Indemnification: <\/em><\/strong>If the Licensor is not sufficiently compensated, the Licensee will involve in inappropriate or illegal uses of Intellectual Property, resulting in legal actions. If the <strong>Intellectual Property<\/strong><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intellectual_property\" class=\"text-primary\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup> or IP is not properly safeguarded or for some reason 3<sup>rd<\/sup> parties alleged violation, the Licensor will have to indemnify the other party.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Sample\nClause: <\/em><\/strong>All notices provided in this agreement\nshould be in written and shall be considered to have been duly provided when\ndelivered by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Hand;<\/li><li>Facsimile Transmission;<\/li><li>Consistent overnight delivery\nservice.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Competition_Law_IPR_and_Transfer_of_Technology\"><\/span>Competition\nLaw, IPR and Transfer of Technology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Intellectual Property Rights like <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/trademark-registration\" class=\"text-primary\">Trademark Registration<\/a><\/strong>, Patent Registration Copyright Registration, etc., protect the mind&#8217;s creations and ensure that the creators earn benefits from their creations. Competition Law can be determined as the set of laws that governs market competition. These laws make sure that both the clients and procedures have access to an ethical market that encourages real competition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Any Technology Transfer Agreement that infringes a customer right by imposing difficult conditions or such conditions other than vital to safeguard the Intellectual Property Right is considered anti-competitive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Following\nare some examples of Technology Transfer Agreements that may be called\nanti-competitive:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Tie in arrangements to attach a\nproduct with another product that is patented so that the acquirer has to\nobtain the other product also from the Patent owner;<\/li><li>Patent pooling wherein two or\nmore entities come together and cross-license the technology pertaining specific\ntechnology to each other so as to limit others to get it;<\/li><li>Prohibiting licensees from\nusing technology from opponent companies;<\/li><li>Price fixation for the Licensee\nto sell the licensed product etc. These types of clauses enforced in the TTAs\nby the IPR owner or Licensee are called anti-competitive for the market; hence\nthey shall be cancelled.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\nis concluded that IPR is an exclusive right or a reward that the State grants\nto the inventor to use the right commercially for a limited time, whereas the\nCompetition Law is a legislation that is seen as an inflexible constrain over\nthe market. Hence, although these laws appear to be contrary in nature, it\nturns out that they are, in fact, balancing &amp; support each other up when\none is abused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the last few years, changes in the legislation have resulted in 2 laws that have a common objective but have different ways to accomplish it. It all melts down to the fact that the strong position of Intellectual Property Rights doesn\u2019t infringe the Competition Laws but how that position is abused does.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"text-left\"><b>Read our article<\/b>:<mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/issues-relating-to-the-ipr-in-biotechnology\/\">Various Issues Relating to the IPR in Biotechnology \u2013 An Overview<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The creation or inclusion of new technology has become an essential element for companies to uphold or improve their rival position in the marketplace. Companies running in sectors where the competition takes place on the basis of price only, like removal or commercialisation of raw materials, may depend on new or advanced technologies to improve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[695],"tags":[864],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8697"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8697"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8720,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8697\/revisions\/8720"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}