{"id":17463,"date":"2020-12-07T11:21:22","date_gmt":"2020-12-07T05:51:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/?p=17463"},"modified":"2021-03-19T17:53:57","modified_gmt":"2021-03-19T12:23:57","slug":"trademark-rules-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Concept of Deceptive Similarity: Trademark Rules in India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">The term \u201cDeceptive Similarity\u201d means a mark which is similar or identical to an already registered mark so as to deceive or create confusion for the people. A Trademark plays a very important role in the creation of a brand name, reputation and goodwill of any business. After the <strong><a class=\"text-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/trademark-registration\">registration of a trademark<\/a><\/strong>, it not only builds a value for a brand but it also helps to generate revenue. However, there is a possibility that a trademark may get infringed. A person may try to misuse a registered trademark by creating a deceptively similar mark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of deceptive similarity has quite been recognised ground for the infringement of trademark under the Indian Trademarks Act, 1999. It is considered a ground for not providing registration to an applicant of such trademark. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We will be discussing about the Trademark Rules concept in detail under this article. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3a8ece22bf6\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a3a8ece22bf6\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#What_is_Deceptive_Similarity\" title=\"What is Deceptive Similarity?\">What is Deceptive Similarity?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#What_are_the_factors_deciding_a_deceptively_similar_mark\" title=\"What are the factors deciding a deceptively similar mark?\">What are the factors deciding a deceptively similar mark?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#The_perceptible_similarity_of_a_mark\" title=\"The perceptible similarity of a mark\">The perceptible similarity of a mark<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#Auricular_similarity\" title=\"Auricular similarity\">Auricular similarity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#Mentally_conceptual_similarity\" title=\"Mentally conceptual similarity\">Mentally conceptual similarity<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#Judicial_View_and_Interpretation_of_the_Courts\" title=\"Judicial View and Interpretation of the Courts  \">Judicial View and Interpretation of the Courts  <\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#1-_Starbucks_V_Sardarbaksh\" title=\"1- Starbucks V. Sardarbaksh\">1- Starbucks V. Sardarbaksh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#2-_Candila_Health_Care_Ltd_V_Cadila_Pharmaceutical_Ltd\" title=\"2- Candila Health Care Ltd. V. Cadila Pharmaceutical Ltd. \">2- Candila Health Care Ltd. V. Cadila Pharmaceutical Ltd. <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#3-_MS_Allied_Blenders_and_Distillers_Pvt_Ltd_V_Govind_Yadav_Anr\" title=\"3- M\/S Allied Blenders and Distillers Pvt. Ltd. V. Govind Yadav &amp;Anr. \">3- M\/S Allied Blenders and Distillers Pvt. Ltd. V. Govind Yadav &amp;Anr. <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#4-_MS_Lakme_Ltd_V_Ms_Subhash_Trading\" title=\"4- M\/S Lakme Ltd. V. M\/s Subhash Trading \">4- M\/S Lakme Ltd. V. M\/s Subhash Trading <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#5-_SM_Dyechem_LTD_V_Cadbury_India_Ltd\" title=\"5- SM Dyechem LTD. V. Cadbury (India) Ltd.\">5- SM Dyechem LTD. V. Cadbury (India) Ltd.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#What_is_the_meaning_of_Trademark_Registration\" title=\"What is the meaning of Trademark Registration?\">What is the meaning of Trademark Registration?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/trademark-rules-in-india\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion \">Conclusion <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Deceptive_Similarity\"><\/span>What is Deceptive Similarity?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the Section 2(h) of the <strong>Trademarks Act, 1999<sup><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ipindia.nic.in\/writereaddata\/Portal\/IPOAct\/1_43_1_trade-marks-act.pdf\" class=\"text-primary\"><strong><em>[1]<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/sup><\/strong> \u201cA mark shall be deemed to be deceptively similar to another mark if so nearly resembles that other mark as to be likely to deceive or cause confusion\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A deceptive similarity in simple words means that a mark which is in question is so similar to the registered mark that it tends to deceive and create confusion in the minds of the people that such a mark is a part or is linked with a registered or a well-known mark. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_factors_deciding_a_deceptively_similar_mark\"><\/span>What are the factors deciding a deceptively similar mark?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are some\nof the factors which are taken into consideration while deciding a deceptively\nsimilar mark, which are as follows:- <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Factors-deciding-a-Deceptive-Similar-Mark.png\" alt=\"factors deciding deceptive similar mark\n\" class=\"wp-image-17533\" width=\"446\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Factors-deciding-a-Deceptive-Similar-Mark.png 1000w, https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Factors-deciding-a-Deceptive-Similar-Mark-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Factors-deciding-a-Deceptive-Similar-Mark-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Factors-deciding-a-Deceptive-Similar-Mark-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_perceptible_similarity_of_a_mark\"><\/span>The perceptible similarity of a mark<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>These are the marks which are visually similar to a well-known trademark. It includes the use of a suffix, prefix, and the length; shape image, similar syllables etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Auricular_similarity\"><\/span>Auricular similarity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Where the pronunciations of the marks are so similar that it tends to create confusion for the people that the marks are alike, it results in the deceptive similarity of the two marks. Some marks are similar in both the sound and the syllable or letters. For example- <strong>Lakme <\/strong>and <strong>Likeme <\/strong>or <strong>Wipro <\/strong>and <strong>Epro<\/strong>. Such marks crates confusion and are deceptive. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mentally_conceptual_similarity\"><\/span>Mentally conceptual similarity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Certain marks\nmay be similar to each other in concept but may be similar in sound or\nsyllables or letters. The noticeable aspect is to see the message of the mark. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Supreme Court and High\nCourt in their various judgements have given several conditions which are\nrequired to be taken into account for recognising the deceptively similar\nmarks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Principle of Phonetic and visual Similarity <\/li><li>Rule of Entirety<\/li><li>Test of Likelihood and confusion<\/li><li>Goodwill<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judicial_View_and_Interpretation_of_the_Courts\"><\/span>Judicial View and Interpretation of the Courts  <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Some important cases concerning\nthe judicial view and interpretation of the Courts in the matters relating to\nDeceptive Similarity:- <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-_Starbucks_V_Sardarbaksh\"><\/span>1- Starbucks V. Sardarbaksh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Delhi High\nCourt in its interim order stated that since Starbucks being a very famous\nbrand is recognized globally, it is unfair if a Trademark will be allowed to a\nbrand being deceptively similar to it. Since Sardarbaksh opened 5 outlets in\nDelhi already, it has to change its name to Sardarji- buksh so as to make it\ndistinctive from the brand Starbucks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-_Candila_Health_Care_Ltd_V_Cadila_Pharmaceutical_Ltd\"><\/span>2- Candila Health Care Ltd. V. Cadila Pharmaceutical Ltd. <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Supreme Court, in this case, had set down certain principles and guidelines for adjudicating the matters relating to the deceptive similarity of the trademark. The parties to the matter were the successors of the Candela group. The Dispute had taken place against the defendant on the issue of selling medicine by him under the name \u201cFalcitab\u201d which was quite similar to the name of the medicines which was being manufactured by the plaintiff under the name \u201cFalcigo\u201d. Both of the drugs were used to cure the same disease and therefore the dispute was that the brand name of the defendant was creating confusion between the people as they were deceptively similar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The plaintiff demanded an Injunction. However, the defendant had claimed that the prefix \u201cFalci\u201d is driven from the name of the disease, which is., Falcipharam Malaria<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The court stated that due to the possibilities of medical negligence and the diversified population of the country and varied infrastructure of the medical profession due to language, urban-rural divides etc. It is important to prevent any confusion or marks in pharmaceuticals and drugs. The Apex Court, therefore, held that the care and precaution must be taken while dealing with medical products. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence the name\nof the brands being phonetically similar resulted into the deceptive similarity\nof the brands. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-_MS_Allied_Blenders_and_Distillers_Pvt_Ltd_V_Govind_Yadav_Anr\"><\/span>3- M\/S Allied Blenders and Distillers Pvt. Ltd. V. Govind Yadav &amp;Anr. <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The plaintiff under this case stated that the trademark \u201cFauji\u201d used by the defendant was deceptively similar to the mark of the plaintiff that is \u201cOfficer\u2019s Choice\u201d. The Plaintiff\u2019s claim was on the ground that the idea in making the trademark rules was similar as the word \u201cFauji\u201d is a Hindi translation of a \u201cMilitary Officer\u201d. The business of both parties was also the same and was engaged in the business of alcoholic beverages. Furthermore, the packaging of the bottles was also alike. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Court held that even though the trade dress plays a very important role in deciding the cases relating to infringement of trademark rules, however, there is no deceptive similarity between both the marks \u201cOfficer\u2019s Choice\u201d and \u201cFauji\u201d. Hence, the infringement suit was dismissed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-_MS_Lakme_Ltd_V_Ms_Subhash_Trading\"><\/span>4- M\/S Lakme Ltd. V. M\/s Subhash Trading <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The plaintiff\nunder this case filed a suit against the defendant on the grounds that the\nplaintiff who was selling the cosmetic products under the trademark name\n\u201cLakme\u201d was being infringed. The defendant too was selling similar products\nunder the trademark name \u201cLikeMe\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The High Court held that both the trademark names \u201cLakme\u201d and \u201cLikeMe\u201d were two separate marks and had different spelling and appearance. Therefore, they were not deceptively similar to each other. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-_SM_Dyechem_LTD_V_Cadbury_India_Ltd\"><\/span>5- SM Dyechem LTD. V. Cadbury (India) Ltd.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The plaintiff under this case filed a suit against the defendant on the grounds that the business on chips and wafers under the trademark rules \u201cPIKNIK\u201d sold by the plaintiff was being infringed. The defendant too started a business of selling chocolates under the name \u201cPICNIC\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Court held that since both the brands were having a different appearance and composition of words, there was no deceptive similarity of the brands. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_meaning_of_Trademark_Registration\"><\/span>What is the meaning of Trademark Registration?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trademark registration can be done online on the website of the Indian Trademarks Registry by the applicant complying with the Trademark rules. The applicant either by himself or by an agent appointed by him can apply for the Trademark Registration. The Registrar on the satisfaction of the applicant shall register it and issue a Certificate of Registration to the registered trademark holder. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, if any\napplication is not in accordance with the rules of the Trademark Act, the\nregistrar may refuse to register such application on various grounds. One such\nground for the refusal is deceptive similarity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trademark for a brand is important in business and therefore its protection is necessary. The doctrine of deceptive similarity comes into use by the courts when a trademark is infringed by the people. The courts apply this doctrine to deal with matters of intellectual property rights. The concept of Deceptive similarity is quite common in IPR, therefore the courts are going beyond the literal meanings given by the law makers so as to provide justice and protect the rights of the traders and the interests of the people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Also, Read:<\/b> <mark style=\"background: #fffd03 !important;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/will-gst-registration-by-start-ups-come-under-investigation\/\">Will GST Registration by Start-ups Come Under Investigation?<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The term \u201cDeceptive Similarity\u201d means a mark which is similar or identical to an already registered mark so as to deceive or create confusion for the people. A Trademark plays a very important role in the creation of a brand name, reputation and goodwill of any business. After the registration of a trademark, it not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":17467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[134],"tags":[1029],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17463"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17463"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18170,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17463\/revisions\/18170"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swaritadvisors.com\/learning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}